P Parental Investment Theory ( Middle - Level Theory in Evolutionary Psychology )
نویسنده
چکیده
Parental investment is referred to as any expenditure (time, energy, resources, etc.) that a parent incurs to benefit an offspring. Parental investment theories in evolutionary biology and evolutionary psychology explore mechanisms underlying parent-offspring relationships and investment. These theories examine adaptive functions and fitness dynamics of parent-offspring relationship, and how environmental conditions, sex differences in provision of reproductive resources regulate parental investment in sons and daughters.
منابع مشابه
Sex Differences in Attachment Emerge in Middle Childhood: An Evolutionary Hypothesis
J. Bowlby’s (1969 ⁄1982) theory of attachment, focused as it was on the survival function of attachment behaviors that the ethology of the time emphasized, led to the expectation that there would be no sex differences in patterns of attachment. Modern evolutionary thinking, however, building on insights of life history theory, parental investment theory, and sexual selection, yields an alternat...
متن کاملThe evolution of intergenerational discounting in offspring quality.
Intergenerational effects occur when an individual's actions affect not only its own survivorship and reproduction but also those of its offspring and possibly later descendants. In the presence of intergenerational effects, short-term and long-term measures of success (such as the expected numbers of surviving offspring and of farther descendants, respectively) may be in conflict. When such co...
متن کاملPerinatal sadness among Shuar women: support for an evolutionary theory of psychic pain.
Psychiatry faces an internal contradiction in that it regards mild sadness and low mood as normal emotions, yet when these emotions are directed toward a new infant, it regards them as abnormal. We apply parental investment theory, a widely used framework from evolutionary biology, to maternal perinatal emotions, arguing that negative emotions directed toward a new infant could serve an importa...
متن کاملAmount of Parental Investment
It is a common assumption in evolutionary theory that a parent will distribute its resources evenly between a set of equivalent oospring. However this paper presents a theoretical model in which uneven parental investment between a set of equivalent oospring can be a preferred evolutionary strategy to equal investment in the same set of oospring. This eeect does not depend on different oospring...
متن کاملTARGET ARTICLE Are Evolutionary Explanations Unfalsifiable? Evolutionary Psychology and the Lakatosian Philosophy of Science
Are the methods and strategies that evolutionary psychologists use to generate and test hypotheses scientifically defensible? This target article addresses this question by reviewing principles of philosophy of science that are used to construct and evaluate metatheoretical research programs and applying these principles to evaluate evolutionary psychology. Examples of evolutionary models of fa...
متن کامل